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第二十课

一、课文原文

Pioneer Pilots

In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of £1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV'. He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea. The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.

Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. Latham, however, did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antoinette'. It looks as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.

Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough. After making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.

二、 核心词汇与词组精讲、拓展及例句

1. pioneer

  • 英文释义：A person who is among the first to explore, settle, or develop a new area or field.
  • 中文释义：先驱；开拓者。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • trailblazer（拓荒者，开路先锋）：She is a trailblazer in women's rights.
    • innovator（创新者）：Apple is known as a tech innovator.
    • follower（追随者，反义词）：He is a follower, not a leader.

2. attempt

  • 英文释义：An act of trying to do something, especially something difficult.
  • 中文释义：尝试；企图。
  • 核心词组：make an attempt to do sth.（试图做某事）。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • endeavor（努力，尝试，更正式）：A scientific endeavor.
    • bid（企图，尝试，常用于新闻）A bid for power.
    • surrender（放弃，反义词）：He surrendered without a fight.

3. engine

  • 英文释义：A machine with moving parts that converts power into motion.
  • 中文释义：发动机；引擎。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • motor（马达，多指电动）：An electric motor.
    • generator（发电机）：A diesel generator.
    • stall（引擎熄火）：The engine stalled at the intersection.

4. overland

  • 英文释义：Travelling or occurring across land rather than by sea or air.
  • 中文释义：陆上的；经由陆路的。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • overseas（海外的）：Overseas trade.
    • transcontinental（跨大陆的）：A transcontinental railway.
    • maritime（海上的，反义词）：Maritime law.

5. set off

  • 英文释义：To start a journey.
  • 中文释义：出发；动身。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • depart（离开，较正式）：The train departs at 9 AM.
    • embark（登船/飞机，开始旅程）：Embark on a new adventure.
    • arrive（到达，反义词）：We arrived safely.

6. greet

  • 英文释义：To give a sign of welcome to someone on meeting them.
  • 中文释义：迎接；问候。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • welcome（欢迎）：Welcome to my home.
    • acknowledge（致意，点头示意）：He acknowledged her with a nod.
    • ignore（忽视，反义词）：She ignored his greeting.

7. pick up

  • 英文释义：To collect someone or something, often in a vehicle; to rescue.
  • 中文释义：接载；营救；捡起。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • rescue（营救）：Rescue the survivors.
    • retrieve（找回，取回）：Retrieve the lost data.
    • drop off（放下，反义词）：Drop off the passengers.

三、 特别语法点拨（长难句）

had + 过去分词 (过去完成时) 构建时间轴

  • 原句：He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed... / Bleriot had been making planes since 1905...
  • 解析：在记叙文中，过去完成时是构建时间先后顺序的神器。它表示“过去的过去”。当主句用一般过去时（engine failed）时，用过去完成时（had travelled）可以清晰地告诉读者：飞行7英里这个动作，发生在引擎故障之前。这避免了使用 before 或 after 造成的句式单调。
  • 实战仿写：
    • She had already finished her report when the boss asked for it.（老板要报告时，她已经写完了。）
    • By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie had started.（我们到电影院时，电影已经开始了。）

四、 智慧版写作指导

1. 用“时间状语”推动叙事节奏

  • 写作指导：在记叙历史事件或连续动作时，不要把所有事情混在一起。在段首或句首使用明确的时间标记，能让读者清晰地跟上故事的发展脉络，产生一种“纪录片”般的推进感。
  • 课文示范：In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered... / On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off... / Two days later... / A week before...（时间词像路标一样，指引着读者穿越历史。）
  • 实战仿写：At 8:00 AM, the alarm rang. By 8:30, I had missed the bus. Ten minutes later, a taxi finally arrived.（用精确的时间点制造紧凑感。）

2. 用“具体数据”增强真实感与张力

  • 写作指导：在描写挑战、距离或成就时，具体的数字比模糊的形容词更有说服力。数字不仅能提供客观事实，还能让读者直观地感受到任务的难度或成就的伟大。
  • 课文示范：...travelled only seven miles... / ...covered twenty-six miles. / ...lasted thirty-seven minutes. / ...got within half a mile of Dover...（每一个数字都在强调：这真的很难，但他真的做到了/差一点就做到了。）
  • 实战仿写：He ran 26.2 miles in 3 hours and 15 minutes, beating his personal best by 45 seconds.（用具体数据展现马拉松的艰辛与突破。）

3. 用“对比与转折”制造戏剧性

  • 写作指导：在叙事中，如果两个人物或两次尝试形成鲜明对比，故事的张力就会自然产生。使用 however, but, yet 等转折词，突出成功与失败、准备充分与准备不足的差异。
  • 课文示范：Bleriot set off half an hour later... Latham, however, did not give up easily. / Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough.（布莱里奥的严谨 vs 莱瑟姆的失误，对比让结局更具戏剧性。）
  • 实战仿写：Team A had trained for months and had the best equipment. Team B, however, had nothing but determination. Yet, it was Team B that won the championship.（用对比突出“决心”的力量。）

注意

以上内容由AI生成，请自主辨明是否存在问题。